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Multi-system European Seasonal Forecast – Winter 2022/2023 (Technical maps and explanation)
Ensemble mean anomaliesThe charts display the averages of the standardized ensemble mean anomalies. For each component model, ensemble mean anomalies are computed with respect to the corresponding model climate. These are then re-scaled so that the total variance on the monthly time scale of each model is equal to the mean of the variances of […]
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Drought monitoring maps: Europe and Mediterranean region – November 2022
What is the SPEI (Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index)? References The drought monitoring maps are licensed under CC BY 3.0
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The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI)
It is commonly accepted that drought is a multi-scalar phenomenon. McKee et al. (1993) clearly illustrated this essential characteristic of droughts through consideration of usable water resources including soil moisture, ground water, snowpack, river discharges, and reservoir storages. The time period from the arrival of water inputs to availability of a given usable resource differs […]
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SPEI (Standardised Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index) – definition and brief description
The SPEI fulfils the requirements of a drought index since its multi-scalar character enables it to be used by different scientific disciplines to detect, monitor and analyze droughts. The SPEI can measure drought severity according to its intensity and duration, and can identify the onset and end of drought episodes. The SPEI allows comparison of […]